One hundred fifteen men and women 78 years and older participated in this study. Eighty-two percent were Caucasian and 12 percent were African-American. To be eligible for this study, each individual had to meet at least two out of the following three criteria: 1) score between 18 and 32 on the Modified Physical Performance Test (modified PPT), 2) report difficulty or need for assistance with up to two Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) or one Activity of Daily Living (ADL), or 3) achieve a VO2 peak between 10 and 18mL/kg/min.